In this study, the ground states of a 6-qubit star lattice are studied in the presence of a magnetic field. In addition, their bipartite and multipartite entanglements are obtained, using concurrence as a measure of bipartite entanglement and Meyer– Wallach measure and its generalizations as the measures of multipartite entanglement. Also, a comprehensive structure of their entanglement is presented and described. It is shown that the external magnetic field is a tuning agent that determines the separable ground states, the global entangled states and the states between them. Determination of these states helps to choose the required ones for different quantum information processes.

The self-energy-functional approach is a powerful many-body tool to investigate different broken symmetry phases of strongly correlated electron systems. We use the variational cluster perturbation theory (also called the variational cluster approximation) to investigate the interplay between the antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity of k-(ET)2 X conductors. These compounds are described by the so-called dimer Hubbard MODEL, with various values of the on-site repulsion U and diagonal hopping amplitude t'. At strong coupling, our zero-temperature calculations show a transition from Néel antiferromagnetism to a spin-liquid phase with no long range order, at around t' ~ 0.9. At lower values of U, we find d-wave superconductivity. Taking into account the point group symmetries of the lattice, we find a transition between n d x2-y2 and dxy pairing symmetries, the latter happening for smaller values of U.

Wheat is one of the strategic products and has rich nutritional value. Plant diseases are major limiting factors that reduce the yield and quality of wheat, and yellow rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes considerable damage to wheat production. The most reliable way to control this disease is the use of resistant varieties. Plants have different mechanisms to defend against pathogens, one of which being proteomics employed to examine defense mechanisms in both sensitive and resistant plants. In this research, in order to identify the expression pathways and proteins involved in the mechanisms, resistant (Gaspart) and sensitive (Morvarid) wheat varieties were inoculated with P. striiformis, followed by the examination of peroxidase, catalase enzymes, intracellular osmoprotectants. The results showed that the amount of protein, carbohydrates, proline concentration, and peroxidase and catalase activity significantly increased by rust in the resistant variety. Also, results of the electrophoresis of TWO-DIMENSIONAL proteins with stripes of IPG = 17 cm and pH = 4-7 showed that expression changes of proteins could be divided into two groups in response to P. striiformis. The first group included the proteins that directly reacted to pathogens such as peroxidase and PR10 proteins. The second group consists of the resistance proteins as transcription factors or proteins involved in signaling pathways or chaperons in determining proteins' partial structure such as molecular chaperone protein Hsp90.

In the present work, the numerical solution of TWO-DIMENSIONAL variable-order fractional cable (VOFC) equation using meshless collocation methods with thin plate spline radial basis functions is considered. In the proposed methods, we first use two schemes of order O( 2) for the time derivatives and then meshless approach is applied to the space component. Numerical results obtained from solving considered MODEL on regular and irregular domains, demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of a new type of TWO-DIMENSIONAL diode detector array used for quality assurance of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Materials and Methods: The devices used in this study were the SRS MapCHECK detector and the StereoPHAN. The detector has 1013 diode detectors over an area of 77 x 77 mm2. The reproducibility, dose linearity, dose rate dependencies, output factors (OPFs) and angular dependencies were investigated as dosimetric characteristics. The OPFs were measured and compared between AP and PA direction ranging from 0. 5 x 0. 5 to 7 x 7 cm2. The angular dependencies were measured using 19 gantry angles. Results: The dose reproducibility and linearities showed sufficient performance of 6 MV and 10 MV. At 40 MU/min, there was a 1. 3% difference from the ionization chamber measurements. For the flattening filter-free beam, there was no dose rate dependency from the 400 MU/minute to 2400 MU/minute, and the variation was within 0. 5%. For small irradiation fields of 1 cm or less, the measured value of the SMC differed in AP and PA directions by up to 4. 5%. The maximum gantry angle dependency of the detector was 5. 3%. A maximum difference of-3. 1% occurred between the measurements and TPS calculations. Conclusion: Results indicate that the new 2D diode detector is stable and useful for QA and end-to-end testing of SRS due to its excellent dose characteristics, high resolution and ease of handling when combined with the StereoPHAN.